BATTERY PLANTATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BENEFITS AND DETRIMENTS IN PRESENT AND FUTURE ENERGY LANDSCAPES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63458/ijerst.v4i3.165Keywords:
Battery Energy Storage Systems, Lithium-ion, supplyChain,Recycling.Abstract
The rapid global transition toward renewable energy and electric mobility has propelled battery plantations—large-scale battery manufacturing and energy storage facilities—into the spotlight of modern industrial development. These installations promise grid stabilization, decarbonization, and energy independence, yet they simultaneously raise environmental, social, and geopolitical concerns. This paper presents a ten-section examination of battery plantations, analyzing their utility in current energy infrastructure, their projected role in future smart grids, and the harmful consequences associated with raw material extraction, manufacturing emissions, end-of-life disposal, and supply chain vulnerabilities. Through a synthesis of contemporary literature, case studies, and projected trends, this paper concludes that while battery plantations are indispensable for achieving net-zero targets, their long-term sustainability depends on circular economy practices, recycling innovations, and equitable resource governance.
References
International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024. Paris, France: IEA Publications, 2024.
BloombergNEF, Energy Storage Market Outlook 2024. New York, NY, USA: Bloomberg Finance L.P., 2024.
J. B. Goodenough and K. S. Park, 'The Li-ion rechargeable battery: A perspective,' J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 1167–1176, 2013.
G. Harper et al., 'Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles,' Nature, vol. 575, no. 7781, pp. 75–86, 2019.
European Commission, Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries, Official Journal of the EU, 2023
Tesla, Inc., Impact Report 2023. Austin, TX, USA, 2024.
Hornsdale Power Reserve, Year 4 Technical and Market Impact Case Study. Aurecon Group, 2022
Amnesty International, This Is What We Die For: Human Rights Abuses in the DRC Cobalt Trade. London, UK, 2016.
IRENA, Innovation Outlook: Battery Storage. Abu Dhabi, UAE: IRENA, 2023.
U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Storage Grand Challenge Roadmap. Washington, DC, USA: DOE, 2023.
X. Zeng, J. Li, and N. Singh, 'Recycling of spent lithium-ion battery: A critical review,' Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 1129–1165, 2014.
M. S. Ziegler and J. E. Trancik, 'Re-examining rates of lithium-ion battery technology improvement,' Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 14, pp. 1635–1651, 2021.
National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 855: Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems. Quincy, MA, USA: NFPA, 2023.
World Economic Forum, A Vision for a Sustainable Battery Value Chain in 2030. Geneva, Switzerland: WEF, 2019.
OECD, Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected Areas, 3rd ed. Paris, France: OECD Publishing, 2016.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Ashiq Sadhiq Babu, Pranav Prabu, Srivatsa V, Priyanga M, SV.Harini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License Statement
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Authors retain copyright of their articles and grant International Journal of Engineering Research in Science and Technology (IJERST) the right of first publication.
This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The journal encourages open access and supports the global exchange of knowledge.
